The Municipality of Madrid, Spain’s capital, is governed by the City Council and divided into 21 districts. While there is no formal metropolitan government, vertical coordination occurs through the Comunidad de Madrid, which assumes metropolitan functions. Established in 1983 as both a regional government and sole province, the Comunidad de Madrid oversees 179 municipalities. With the urban area largely co-terminous with the Comunidad de Madrid, it manages key services like transport and water, reducing the need for additional metropolitan structures.
Levels of particle pollution in Madrid have dropped by 34% since 2000³, reflecting better air quality for residents. NO₂ concentrations are down 28% over the same period. In urban mobility, rapid transit accessibility has reached 66%, connecting more residents and exceeding regional averages. These figures highlight Madrid’s effective approach to cleaner air and improved connectivity.
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