Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, is governed by the Sofia Municipality, which simultaneously functions as Sofia City Province—distinct from the encompassing ‘Sofia Province’. The municipality’s jurisdiction includes the City of Sofia and surrounding areas, comprising four cities and 34 settlements. The Sofia City Council serves as the legislative body, while the Mayor of Sofia oversees executive functions. Although there is no formal metropolitan authority, the municipality collaborates with neighboring areas through initiatives like the Sofia Development Association, a non-profit organization supporting sustainable urban development and innovation projects across the metropolitan area.
Sofia has made significant strides in transport accessibility, with 43% of residents now living near rapid transit services, a notable increase from 13% in 2000. Additionally, the city has shown impressive progress in environmental sustainability, with CO₂ emissions per capita dropping by 80% since 1975, well below both regional and global averages.
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