London (Europe)
Population: 12,451,423
GDP: 60,927 USD
Functional Urban Area: 6,988 km2
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Context

London, capital of the United Kingdom and a megacity, is governed by the Greater London Authority, which includes the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. The 32 boroughs, each with its own local government, collaborate with the Greater London Authority to address metropolitan issues such as transport, housing, and economic development—balancing local autonomy with metropolitan coordination.

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Key findings

Air quality in London has seen marked changes, with particle pollution levels now 29% lower than in 2000. NO₂ levels have meanwhile seen a a 37% decline. Public space accessibility remains a strength, with 98% of residents benefiting from nearby open spaces, emphasizing London’s consistent focus on enhancing urban livability.

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Indicators at a glance

Explore London’s strengths in:

  • Resilience,
  • Inclusion,
  • Governance and
  • Innovation.

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